Graphs

=Graph writing=

The exam will be on Thursday morning - this week!!!

Here are the graphs drawn on Monday 7th Feb: Nice work!

This website has some great advice for graphs: [] Here is the Melbourne temperature graph: [|http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/melbtemp.html] IELTS example graphs http://www.ielts-exam.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=7&id=20&Itemid=32

**Bar graph sentences**: The graph shows the number of heart attacks per year for men and women for three age groups in the USA. The number of heart attacks for men aged 29-44 (123,000) is far greater than that for women (3,000). The number of heart attacks for men aged 29-44 is 123,000, which is 40 times greater than that for women. Men aged 45-64 have 424,000 heart attacks, three times as many as women. Men aged 45-64 have 424,000 heart attacks, three times more than women. Men 65 and over have 440,000 heart attacks, marginally more than women. In summary, women have fewer heart attacks than men, and the number of heart attacks becomes higher as people get older.

**LINE graph sentences** (Page 44, ex 3): A there was a marginal rise in the cost of recycling from $40m to $49m between 2001 and 2002.  The cost of recycling increased slightly from $40m to $49m between 2001 and 2002. B the cost peaked at $80m in 2003.  The cost reached a peak of around $80m in 2003 C the cost climbed marginally from $26m in 2005 to $30m in 2007. There was a minor increase from $26m to $30m between 2005 and 2007.

Prepositions:
 * From / in / to / in
 * From / to / between / and

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">To summarise the requirements for the exam Writing task:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FOR ALL TYPES OF GRAPHS: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Your first sentence should be: "The graph shows.....", to explain what/where/when/who <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The summary/conclusion can be immediately after the first sentence, or at the end of the text.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If you have a "**snapshot**" graph (one point in time), you have to compare and contrast. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This means "slightly higher / significantly more / twice as much / three times more / a similar percentage" etc. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">You can decide how to organise and group the data.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If you have a "**trend**" graph (showing a period of time), you have to describe how the figure changes. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This means "there was a dramatic drop / the figure climbed slightly / it remained steady / it tripled" etc. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">You have to describe the data from oldest-to-newest! ("in chronological order")

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The graph shows how much plastic waste was produced per person throughout the world from 1940 to 2010. Overall, there was a dramatic increase during this period. In 1940, the amount of plastic waste was at its lowest level: about 2 kg per person. From 1940 to 1960, the amount rose slightly to approximately 7 kg. After that, between 1960 and 1980, the figure rose sharply to a peak of around 74 kg. The amount of waste levelled off in 1980, and remained quite stable between 73 and 74 kg for the rest of the time period. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(97 words)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Example line graph description for page 42: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The pie chart shows the proportion of fresh water in each region around the globe. Overall, there is an enormous variation between the regions, with most of the fresh water in Asia and America. Asia has the greatest water resources, with 30%. South America has marginally less, with 23%. The third largest figure is 18% for North America, which is around half that in Asia. The percentage of fresh water in Oceania is 13%. Next are North Africa and Europe, which each have just under 10% of the world's fresh water. The amount in Australia is just 1%, and the Middle East has half this amount with 0.5%. (108 words)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Example pie chart description for page 71: **